Naval Station Graduates
In April of 1965, the success of a UCLA program to provide courses in engineering, mathematics, physics, education and psychology is reported. Begun in 1949, the program now enrolls 200 students, 15 percent of China Lake's civilian professional staff. The majority of the 21 courses offered are in engineering, including a graduate program that to date has conferred 36 master's degrees on China Lake personnel. Similar graduate programs are conducted at Buena Park in Orange county and Montclair in San Bernardino County.

Bridging The Digital / Analog Gap
In May of 1965, professor Walter Karplus is funded by the National Science Foundation to examine hybrid computer techniques, in which digital and analog computers would be linked together. Karplus reports that whereas the digital computer is more accurate, it must solve one arithmetic problem at a time, while the analog computer can solve different parts of a problem simultaneously.

Boelter Retirement Dinner
A testimonial dinner honoring Dean L.M.K. Boelter upon his retirement from the University is held Friday evening, May 28 at the UCLA Student Union.

Computer Self-Test
In May of 1965, Algirdas Avizienis reports to the International Federation for Information Processing Congress his development of a method for programming computers to diagnose themselves for errors. He will initially test this method on a NASA research project in spacecraft guidance. The method could allow replacement of multiple back-up computers now used.

World's First Reverse Osmosis Plant
In June of 1965, the world's first reverse osmosis plant begins operation in Coalinga, a farming community near Fresno. The plant, designed and constructed by UCLA engineers, uses the new method of water desalination called reverse osmosis, first demonstrated by UCLA's Sidney Loeb and Srinivasa Sourarijan in 1959. The plant will turn brackish well water into drinkable water for the community, producing 6,000 gallons of water per day. The reverse osmosis process reduces the water's salt content from 2,500 parts per million to under 500 parts per million, the recommended standard for drinking water.

Car For Youth Amputee
In June of 1965, UCLA engineers working at the UCLA Child Amputee Project modify an automobile so that an 18-year-old youth, born without arms and only rudimentary legs and feet, can drive. The steering and acceleration are controlled by a U-shaped device attached to the modified accelerator and linked by a power system to the steering wheels. Ignition and transmission are controlled by the right foot also, and braking, and control of light switches, window controls, and windshield wipers are controlled by the left foot. Using this vehicle, the youth is able to successfully pass his road test, and the state issues him a driver's license.

Man Not Obsolete
In June of 1965, professor Alexander W. Boldyreff, an expert in large systems design, assures that man will not become obsolete, despite the advances in automation. For the future, as automated systems become more and more complex, vast numbers of engineers and technicians will be needed to inspect, maintain and replace the machines' parts. Automation will, of course, bring some important changes, including a shorter work week, perhaps down to two separate shifts of 15 hours a week in most factories, Boldyreff says.

Underwater Labor
In June of 1965, assistant professor Gershon Weltman and Glen H. Egstrom, director of the UCLA Performance Physiology Laboratory, are investigating some of the basic problems man faces working underwater. As its first project, a research group has developed an underwater restraining device to hold a diver in place while testing his field of vision through different face masks or while measuring the force of his kicking thrust. The group plans to develop instrumentation for freely-moving divers that will measure the human energy required in undersea work, and analyze the changes which occur in the body in deep water.

O'Neill Named Acting Dean
Upon the retirement of L.M.K. Boelter, in June of 1965 Chancellor Franklin D. Murphy names professor Russell R. O'Neill acting dean of the College of Engineering. O'Neill says one of the greatest challenges facing engineering education is to urge engineers to apply their know-how in the exploding field of medical technology.

Buildings Named
On November 2, 1965 it is announced that three buildings have been named in the honor of living faculty members. The name of Llewellyn M.K. Boelter Hall is given to Engineering Buildings II and III, the new space sciences section of the Chemistry-Geology complex will be known as Louis Byrne Slichter Hall, and the building housing the Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology has been named the Stafford Leak Warren Hall.

Top Salaray
In December of 1965, engineering students top all other UCLA graduates in starting salaries. The average 1965 engineering graduate with a bachelor's degree drew a first monthly salary check of $667. Graduates with master's degrees and some experience drew an average monthly salary of $950. A graduate with a new Ph.D. could expect to earn $1500 monthly. More than 3 out of 4 new graduates (78%) had lined up a definite job before graduation.

Gadjah Mada Project Complete
On January 12, 1966, faculty members who participated in the Gadjah Mada University project have a final meeting to wrap up the 10 year effort to establish university training in engineering in Indonesia. More than 100 graduates a year are now turned out at the university and nearly 100 students and faculty members from Gadjah completed coursework and training at UCLA. A number of the UCLA graduates then returned to Gadjah Mada, where some are made administrators at the university. Professors participating in the meeting include L.M.K. Boelter, Thomas E. Hicks, Jacob P. Frankel, William J. Knapp, Philip F. O'Brien, Wesley L. Orr, Russell L. Perry, and William D. Van Vorst.

Engineering Field Station
In January of 1966, a 160 acre tract of land in Oak Spring Canyon 35 miles north of UCLA is acquired by the University for a proposed engineering field station. The land is intended for use in the College's expanding research program, and initial development of the area includes plans for a small administration building and a laboratory-shop building. Establishment of an engineering field station was first proposed in 1949, and subsequently approved by the UC President and Board of Regents.

Shaker Tests
In April of 1966, R. B. Matthiesen schedules a seismic test of the new Math Sciences Building under construction using a shaker device. The device consists of two counter-rotating buckets, each filled with 700 pounds of lead, which vibrate the structure slightly when the shaker is bolted to the foundation flooring. The "baby earthquake" provides data for engineers to determine the stability of the building.

Starr Named Consultant
On June 1, 1966, Chancellor Franklin D. Murphy names Chauncey Starr, vice president of North American Aviation and president of the Atomics International division, to a position as consultant and special adviser in engineering education at UCLA. Starr is a pioneer in the development of nuclear power and one of the group of American scientists who worked on early development of nuclear energy for the Manhattan District during World War II. He is also a clinical professor of radiology at UCLA's School of Medicine.

Manpower Study
In June of 1966, the National Science Foundation funds an engineering manpower study under the direction of professor Harry W. Case that will canvas every engineering employer in Los Angeles County. Case is professor of psychology and engineering, and associate director of the Institute for Transportation and Traffic Engineering. Institute staff member William D. Diemer will manage the study, which aims to contact 10,000 employers to pinpoint the extent of the current shortage of engineers, develop recommendations for relieving the shortage, and gauge the long-range needs of industry for engineers based on specialties and educational backgrounds.

First Alumnus Of The Year
In June of 1966, the first UCLA College of Engineering Alumnus of the Year award is presented during commencement ceremonies to Raymond M. Hill, newly appointed chief of the Los Angeles City Fire Department. Hill earned his bachelor's degree in engineering in 1955, specializing in chemical engineering and math.

Boelter Dies
On July 27, 1966, Emeritus Dean Llewellyn M.K. Boelter dies in Los Angeles at the age of 67.

Starr Named Dean
On Friday, August 26, 1966 it is announced by University President Clark Kerr and Chancellor Franklin D. Murphy that Chauncey Starr is named new Dean of the UCLA College of Engineering. Starr will assume his new duties on January 1, 1967.

First Suggestion Of Head-Up Display
In August of 1966, graduate student John Nixon Fox, a former Air Force jet pilot, is researching perception of visual cues to better understand how the eyes judge distance and velocity in the absence of any set points of reference. The pilot, diver, and fog-bound motorist share the same difficulty, Fox says, and suggests that in the future some optical device would be developed that would provide a built-in frame of reference for pilots, aquanauts, and drivers in the fog.

Reactor Is Earthquake-Safe
In September of 1966, professors Craig B. Smith and Ralph B. Matthiesen use a spinning shaker device to test UCLA's Argonaut research reactor for earthquake safety. The results show that the reactor is earthquake proof, and that even a very large earthquake would not cause any release of radiation from the reactor.

Quarter System
In the Fall of 1966, UCLA switches from a semester system of two semesters a year and one summer session, to a quarter system of three sessions a year and a summer quarter.

High-Speed Atoms And Space Vehicles
In October of 1966, Eldon L. Knuth reports findings on scattering of atoms off of materials that simulate spacecraft during flight. To replicate a spacecraft orbiting Earth at 25,000 miles per hour, Knuth produces a molecular beam with which he blasts particles at a variety of materials. The results will help in the design of spacecraft for high-speed flight as well as for the high heat of reentry.

Lyman Meets Walter Cronkite
In November of 1966, professor John Lyman is interviewed by Walter Cronkite for a CBS-TV documentary series on "The 21st Century." Lyman foresees many breakthroughs triggered by advances in materials, molecular biology, and integrated circuits, including artificial kidneys and hearts that work better than original organs, and artificial brains, perhaps coupled directly to man's brain. By the 22nd Century, he says, man will control weather, fully exploit the ocean's and the earth's interior, and move even further into space. Humans may even be whisked across vast distances through teleportation, Lyman speculates, in which a person's entire genetic code would be fed to a computer, and flashed to a receiving computer on the moon or another planet, where it would be instantly reconstructed into the person who stood on earth a few seconds earlier.

Computerized Building Design
In December of 1966, professor Moshe F. Rubinstein publishes a book titled "Matrix Computer Analysis of Structures," which explains a way to analyze the earthquake-safety of a building on the computer, before a drop of cement is ever poured. By feeding the computer information on the shape of the structure, its separate parts, and types of material, the computer can predict the stresses and strains on the building when subjected to earthquakes, strong winds or other forces of nature, as well as the normal loads of equipment and people, Rubinstein says.

Alumnus Astronaut
In March of 1967, an award is established in the memory of astronaut Elliott Mckay See, Jr., who died in a jet crash on Feb. 28, 1966. See had received a master's in engineering from the UCLA Engineering Executive management program. Before the crash, he was slated to serve as command pilot on the Gemini 9 mission. The award, in the form of a Gemini capsule, will go to the engineering senior who writes the best paper on the subject "Contributions of the Engineer in the Modern World."

Hybrid Automobile
In April of 1967, George A. Hoffman from the Institute of Transportation and Traffic Engineering suggests a hybrid gas-electric vehicle that would utilize electric motors at each wheel. The vehicle, Hoffman says, would consist of an internal combustion engine of a rating much reduced from the conventional motor that it supplants, and would drive, at its optimal speed, a generator. The generated electric power goes to the traction motors (integral with all the wheels) and to a sizable secondary battery, also connected with the four electric motors. Depending on speed and terrain, computer controls would determine the combinations of engine power and electric power to serve the greatest utility.

Trade Routes
In July of 1967, responding to the explosion of worldwide transportation (from cargo jets to barge-carrying ships and high-speed trains), faculty are creating computer systems to give a helping hand in finding the most efficient and cost-effective route. Using the TRANsportation SIMulator or TRANSIM, thousands of decisions and factors that go into moving commodities from one place to another are run through a computer to come up with an accurate analysis of cost, time, and operational problems for a planned route. The project is under the direction of associate dean Russell R. O'Neill and Alfred M. Feiler.

Future Energy
In September of 1967, Dean Chauncey Starr and Craig B. Smith present a paper to the American Academy of Engineering titled "Energy and the World of 2000 AD," in which they project nuclear energy can furnish power for homes, industry and transportation to meet global needs for the next 1,000 years.

Dry Lands
In August of 1967, assistant professor John A. Dracup is heading to the arid stretch of Coahuila in north central Mexico as part of a long range project by the University's Dry-Lands Institute to help solve the basic problems plaguing the world's water-starved areas. By coordinating damming activities near watersheds and a planting program, Dracup hopes to increase the amount of run-off water available for agriculture use.

Preventing Firestorms
In October of 1967, professor Albert F. Bush and graduate students are participating with the Forest Service in examining firestorms in the hopes of finding better ways to fight the fires. Engineering students and Forest Service crews conduct large scale test burns during summer months at the California-Nevada border north of Bishop.

Society's Noise
In April of 1968, professor Richard Stern, head of the UCLA Sonics Laboratory, examines noise levels occurring naturally in society and suggests that a modern community must divide its industries and residential sections based on noise levels. Parts of the metropolitan area should be reserved for quiet residential living, and others for industry, and still other sections for railroads, airports, and bus terminals, Stern says.

Ancient Coins
In May of 1968, George Hoffman uses an electron microscope to probe the makeup of ancient coins and detect forgeries. Using the microscope, an electron beam is focused on a tiny spot of the coin, which reflects the X-rays. After the data is run through a computer, an analysis of the angles and intensities of the X-rays shows the metallic composition of the coin. Because many ancient coins contain faint traces of gold, lead or other metals, depending on when and where they were struck, Hoffman has been able to use these "metallurgical signatures" to detect forgeries.

Soil Versus Earthquakes
In June of 1968, professor C. Martin Duke reports that lightweight wooden houses built on deep soft soil suffered the worst damage from earthquakes, while those on rock or hard ground fared best. His house-to-house survey through Mexico, Chile, and Japan, areas prone to earthquakes, shows that very rigid modern structures survive quakes best on soft soil, however, flexible modern buildings still do better on firm soil. The explanation for the difference lies in the relationship between the earth vibrations set up during a quake (which differs according to the soil) and the natural vibrations of a building (which vary according to height and construction).

Underwater View
In September of 1968, a project at the Biotechnology Laboratory under the direction of Gershon Weltman includes the examination of how well divers judge distances. Working under a grant from the Office of Naval Research, visiting lecturer Helen Ross from the University of Hull, England, directs an experiment with 30 divers using the UCLA diving tank and pool, and an ocean dive off Catalina Island. Results show that divers, on a rough average, saw a one-foot line as 14 inches underwater, and that for a minute or so after the divers returned to the surface they saw a one-foot line as only 11 1/2 inches long.

Field Station Fundings
In October of 1968, funding for an engineering field station north of Los Angeles on 160 acres of property acquired by the University is contained in Proposition 3 for the November ballot.

Soil Creep
In January of 1969, as more and more Southern Californians begin building homes on hillsides, professor Awtar Singh warns that soil creep, imperceptible movements of the subsurface, may cause problems for their homes in the future. Distinguishing among three types of soils, Singh says some, like shale, are weakened by stress in the long run, whereas other soils, when compacted, gain strength, and sand shows no change under stress.

Biocybernetics
In February of 1969, a small group of professors from the College of Engineering and the School of Medicine is expanding its specialty of cybernetics through courses and research. The researchers are examining the possibility of connecting a device that detects brain waves and can transmit signals to paralyzed limbs. This by-pass system would, for example, send a "clench fist" signal to the muscle of the paralyzed limb. Engineers accomplishing the research include professors Edwin B. Stear and Jacques Vidal, psychiatrist John Shanley, and engineering student Lloyd Nirenberg.

College Becomes A School
On Feb. 21, 1969, upon recommendation of UC president Charles J. Hitch and UCLA Chancellor Charles E. Young, the Regents approve changing the existing College of Engineering to the School of Engineering and Applied Science, effective fall quarter 1969. The aims and programs of the new School will put into practice the chief recommendations proposed in two studies on engineering education: the "Engineering Master Plan for the University," undertaken at the request of the Regents by the Engineering Advisory Council, an organization of 21 prominent California Engineers; and the "Report on Goals of Engineering Education" by the American Society for Engineering Education. Both reports call for an upward shift in the educational level of engineers in the face of the accelerating knowledge explosion and the crucial social role of the engineer.

La Jolla Sea Water Plant
In April of 1969, a reverse osmosis plant for purifying sea water into drinking water goes on line in La Jolla. The plant, designed and constructed by UCLA engineers using membranes for reverse osmosis first demonstrated by UCLA in 1959, can purify the sea-water in one pass through the system. Using tubes filled with membrane liners, the salt content of the water is reduced from 35,000 parts per million to a level of 500 ppm required for drinking water. The project team includes professors Joseph McCutchan and Douglas Bennion, research engineer Stephen Johnson and Edward K. Selover.

Tech Reports
In May of 1969, the Engineering and Mathematical Sciences library is one of the largest depositories of technical reports in the nation with 600,000 documents available to students, faculty, industry and the public. Many of the documents are being transferred to microfiche, microcard, and microfilm.

First On The 'Net
On July 3, 1969, it is announced that UCLA will become the first station in a nationwide computer network which, for the first time, will link together computers of different makes and using different machine languages into one time-sharing system. Professor Leonard Kleinrock, who heads the UCLA project, says creation of the network represents a major forward step in computer technology and may serve as the forerunner of large computer networks of the future. The ambitious project is supported by the Defense Department's Advanced Research Projects Agency.

Seven New Departments
On September 25, 1969, formation of seven departments within UCLA's newly established School of Engineering and Applied Science is announced by Dean Chauncey Starr. Starr says the departments have been organized by "broad areas of learning and research rather than by the end use to which a graduate will put his academic background on his first job." The new departments are computer science, electrical sciences and engineering, energy and kinetics, engineering systems, materials, mechanics, and system science. The school will grant bachelor, master and Ph.D. degrees with graduates able to choose among 24 Ph.D. fields.

Expedience Means Bad Drivers
In November of 1969, a study by Edward Levonian of the Institute for Transportation and Traffic Engineering, says that the personality trait of "expedience" in youngsters is often related to a record of driving violations. The research psychologist defines expediency as "orientation toward self-benefit at the expense of others, or, less formally, as looking out for number one, even if it means hurting someone else." The results are based on a 220 item questionnaire given to 1,080 15-year-old students enrolled in driver's education classes in City of Los Angeles high schools.

Post-Vietnam Engineer
In November of 1969, associate dean Russell R. O'Neill says that when the Vietnam War ends, American engineers will focus their talents more on pressing domestic problems than on glamorous breakthroughs in space or ocean exploration. "Engineers will become increasingly involved with the 'here and now' issues of public health, housing, crime prevention, transportation and pollution control," he says.

Minority Engineers
In February of 1970, the success of a two-year effort to implement the Engineering Special Education Program to help high school seniors from minority groups meet the academic qualifications to enroll at UCLA is reported. The program was begun by UCLA engineering seniors Jim Murray and Ronald Fountain, and then supported by professor Morris Asimow. Under the program, 32 students from Compton, Centennial, and Dominguez high schools serve six months as engineering aides at UCLA, with some of them developing a design for improved housing in Compton. 22 of the 32 aides enroll in college the following year, 16 of them at UCLA. As part of the program, 22 engineers from Hughes Aircraft Company contribute six to 10 hours a week serving as tutors to students in the program.

Smog Hurts Plants
In August of 1970, Ruth Ann Bobrov Glater determines by examining plant damage in Los Angeles that the levels of nitrogen oxides in smog are increasing. Whereas an excess of hydrocarbons in smog had been causing leaf damage on some vegetable crops (such as lettuce, spinach and beets) and ornamental flowers (dahlias, petunias and fuchsias) between 1940 and 1960, thereafter a different type of damage, that causes plants' lower leaves to drop off, was occurring. This type of damage, Glater says, signals an increase in concentrations of nitrogen oxides resulting from auto and aircraft engine emissions.

Made In Space
In December of 1970, professor Alfred S. Yue of the materials department suggests that, in the future, a manufacturer of optical glass or super-strong metals will advertise a new line of products with the imprint "Made in Space." In the permanent weightlessness and high vacuum of space, we should be able to combine materials into new and superior products as we never could on earth, Yue says.

Particles In Smog
In May of 1971, professor Albert Bush warns of possible health hazards from the breathing of thousands of tiny particles invisible to the eye that exist in polluted air. Bush says that the particles are small enough to slip past nasal passages and be deposited in the respiratory system or lungs and that gaseous irritants may adhere to the surfaces of tiny particles and be carried by them to the eyes and respiratory system.

Teeth That Hear
In May of 1971, Fred Allen from the School of Engineering and Earl Collard of the School of Dentistry have developed an electronic device that allows a person to hear through the teeth. A wristwatch receiver-transmitter receives either radio frequency or audio signals and translates them into vibrations of the teeth through a device fitted inside a dental bridge. The vibrations are transmitted through the tooth, jaw and cranial bones to the inner ear, allowing a person to hear.

Student Build Bullet Train
In June of 1971, students John Livie and Barry Cohen build a model futuristic train that floats above the rails, much like proposed "bullet" trains of Japan that would ride on superconducting, super-cooled magnets. Unique to the students' design is the use of ceramic magnets made from barium ferrite, which would not have to be cooled.

Cow Chips And Glass
In July of 1971, professor John D. Mackenzie responds to the needs of an Imperial Valley rancher and develops a method of mixing cow dung and waste glass to produce a lightweight, building material that doesn't burn, is waterproof, an excellent thermal and noise insulator, can be painted, nailed, drilled, sawed and glued together, and is cheap and easy to produce. Mackenzie notes that the material is also odorless.

Post-Quake Surveys
In July of 1971, under an emergency grant from the National Science Foundation, a team of engineers and students launch a wide-ranging investigation of the San Fernando (Sylmar) earthquake. The team will try to determine what kind of damage is suffered by buildings in relation to both the soil conditions at the building sites and the associated ground motions triggered by the temblor. The study is led by professor C. Martin Duke, with participation of professors Ralph B. Matthiesen and Ajit K. Mal and 15 graduate students.

In August of 1971, under the second emergency grant from the National Science Foundation, a team of engineering faculty from UCLA and UC Berkeley begin an in-depth study of the severely damaged Olive View Hospital complex in Sylmar. The hospital, completed in 1970, is of particular interest to the team led by Lawrence G. Selna because of the variety of materials used in the different types of buildings.

Hydrogen Car
In July of 1972, five engineering students have modified a 1972 American Motors Gremlin with a Ford "Boss" 351 engine to run on hydrogen gas and are preparing to enter it in the Urban Vehicle Design Competition scheduled in August. Lab tests indicate that the car will not only beat the scheduled 1976 pollution control standards but will actually emit slightly cleaner air than it takes in. Student designers of the vehicle include Frank Lynch, Joe Finegold, Ned Baker, Bob Takahashi, and Johnny Lu. Their faculty sponsor is Albert Bush.

Risk Assessment Of Power Plants
In August of 1972, Dean Chauncey Starr and Moses A. Greenfield, chief of the Medical Physics Division, report the results of a UC study on "Public Health Risks of Thermal Power Plants." Comparing risk factors in routine operation of different types of power plants, the engineering and medical experts say that nuclear plants averaged less than one-tenth the risk of oil fired plants. The report says that risk is roughly comparable to the hazards to which the public is exposed by uncontrollable natural events, such as being struck by lightning or bitten by a venomous animal. Such deaths occur at an annual rate of one per million population.

Energy Conference
In August of 1972, the conclusions of some 80 representatives from university, industry, government and community attending a 4-day conference on meeting future U.S. energy needs is that the nation will face a "power crunch" within 30 years, before any futuristic new sources are developed. After the year 2000, the outlook brightens, and by 2050 the harnessing of solar and thermonuclear fusion power and possible mining of other planets will cover the country's total energy and materials needs, according to the representatives.

Women In Engineering
In August of 1972, the results of a study on women in engineering led by associate dean Alfred Ingersoll concludes that more women are being attracted to the engineering profession, but the lack of role models and the "executive suite barrier" prevents them from moving into upper level jobs in engineering management. Practicing women engineers make up less than one percent of the engineering work force, Ingersoll notes, while women represent half of the nation's technical talent pool.

Noisy Schools Under Jet Path
In August of 1972, professor William C. Meecham and student Samuel R. Lane make recommendations to alleviate the noise from jets taking off, which disrupts the teaching process at seven elementary schools underneath the flight path. After studying the schools at the east end of Los Angeles International airport using sound level meters, the researchers determine noise levels are far above any accepted standards, and could threaten children's physical and emotional health. Meecham suggests that jets "throttle down" as they pass over the schools, which would reduce noise by an immediate 10 percent, and that they land further down the 7,500 foot runway (since even the largest aircraft require only 5,500 feet), rather than the current practice of touching down at the easternmost edge of the airfield. By doing this, the landing aircraft would pass over the affected schools at a higher altitude. He also suggests that the runway be extended across the 5,000 feet of empty space at the west end of the airfield. By doing this, he says, aircraft would pass over the schools at six times their current altitude, reducing noise significantly. These recommendations, if adopted, would put noise levels at the schools close to recommended safety limits.

Hydrogen Car Wins
In September of 1972, the UCLA team has won the 1972 Urban Vehicle Design Competition with their hydrogen-powered Gremlin. The team would like to now develop solid hydrogen storage methods which could eliminate weight and storage problems of using hydrogen gas to power the vehicle.

Starr Will Head EPRI
On December 28, 1972 it is announced that Dean Chauncey Starr has been named president of the Electric Power Research Institute, a non-profit research and development organization recently formed as a joint effort by segments of the electric utility industry. He departs UCLA after serving seven years as Dean.

Managua Earthquake Survey
In January of 1973, a team of four University of California earthquake experts led by UCLA's C. Martin Duke visit Managua for a professional survey of the stricken Nicaraguan capital, focusing on the damage suffered by major buildings, utilities and transportation. UCLA professor Lawrence G. Selna also is a member of the research team.

Open House
More than 13,000 people visit Boelter Hall during a campus-wide Open House on February 25, 1973. The visit to engineering includes 47 different lab demonstrations and exhibits, seven public lectures, five shows, three continuous movie programs and three library displays.

Port Hueneme Work-Study
In the summer of 1973, a work-study program is initiated by the School's undergraduate studies office and three employers - Western Union, Bechtel Corp. and the Port Hueneme Naval Ship Weapons Systems Engineering Station. Students enrolled in the program are on full-time academic schedule for half of the year and full-time employment during the other half.

Engineering Employment
In 1973, there is an upsurge of employment opportunities for engineering and computer science graduates, with many receiving multiple offers. Job openings have increased 50 percent over the preceding year and starting salaries show dramatic increase, with a median annual salary for new graduates of $11,400 per year, $13,260 for those with master's degrees and $18,835 for a new Ph.D.

Energy Crunch
In December of 1973, professor Richard L. Perrine foresees an energy crunch and examines simple methods of saving large amounts of gas. On two 300-mile automobile trips to Bishop, one driving at the 70 mph speed limit, and the other at a steady 52 mph, Perrine compares gasoline consumption and realizes a 20 percent savings by driving slower. At the slower speed, the trip takes 5 1/2 hours as opposed to the normal 4 1/2. He also says that making control devices which prevent vapor emissions while filling up automobile gas tanks should be mandatory, since 10 to 15 percent of all hydrocarbons emitted to the atmosphere in the Los Angeles basin are a result of vapor escape and spillage during fill up.

Diamond Hard Coatings
In April of 1974, it is announced that professor Rointan F. Bunshah has developed a new material called titanium carbide, second only in hardness to diamond. Described by a colleague as "easily the most startling material development in many years," titanium carbide promises to have a wide range of uses, especially as a super-hard coating for cutting, drilling, and grinding tools.

Copper Recovery
In May of 1974, professors Douglas N. Bennion of UCLA and John Newman of UC Berkeley announce development of a low cost, non-polluting process for recovering copper from ores and scrap metal. Using a concentrating cell, the electrochemical process yields high concentrations of copper, and can also be used to recover mercury, lead, cadmium, silver, and gold.

Art Of Computers
In August of 1974, under a grant from the National Science Foundation, professor Bertram Bussell is teaching students the "art" of computers, or the feel one gets for the workings of a machine that can only be developed by getting your hands on a computer. Under the grant, students deal with the computer eyeball-to-logic circuit and are given full reign to design, build, and run devices interfacing with a computer.